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Part III · Fundamental Rights · Right to Freedom of Religion

Article 28: Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions

Official text as on 1 May 2024

Text of Article 28

(1) No religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State funds.

(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to an educational institution which is administered by the State but has been established under any endowment or trust which requires that religious instruction shall be imparted in such institution.

(3) No person attending any educational institution recognised by the State or receiving aid out of State funds shall be required to take part in any religious instruction that may be imparted in such institution or to attend any religious worship that may be conducted in such institution or in any premises attached thereto unless such person or, if such person is a minor, his guardian has given his consent thereto.

Words in [square brackets] were inserted or substituted by later amendments (see below). Source: Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India

A plain-English explanation of Article 28, landmark judgments and exam facts are being added to this page.

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