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Part XVI · Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes

Article 342A: Socially and educationally backward classes

Official text as on 1 May 2024

Text of Article 342A

(1) The President may with respect to any State or Union territory, and where it is a State, after consultation with the Governor thereof, by public notification, specify [the socially and educationally backward classes in the Central List which shall for the purposes of the Central Government] be deemed to be socially and educationally backward classes in relation to that State or Union territory, as the case may be.

(2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the Central List of socially and educationally backward classes specified in a notification issued under clause (1) any socially and educationally backward class, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification.]

[Explanation.—For the purposes of clauses (1) and (2), the expression "Central List" means the list of socially and educationally backward classes prepared and maintained by and for the Central Government.

(3) Notwithstanding any contained in clauses (1) and (2), every State or Union territory may, by law, prepare and maintain, for its own purposes, a list of socially and educationally backward classes, entries in which may be different from the Central List.

Words in [square brackets] were inserted or substituted by later amendments (see below). Source: Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India

A plain-English explanation of Article 342A, landmark judgments and exam facts are being added to this page.

Amendment history

Changed by: 102nd Amendment Act, 2018, 105th Amendment Act, 2021

  • Art 342 A ins. by the Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018, s. 4 (w.e.f. 15-8-2018).
  • Subs. by the Constitution (One Hundred and Fifth Amendment) Act, 2021, s. 3 for socially and educationally backward classes which shall for the purposes of the Constitution (w.e.f. 15-9-2021).
  • Ins. by the Constitution (One Hundred and Fifth Amendment) Act, 2021, s. 3 (w.e.f. 15-9-2021).

More in Part XVI: Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes · Constitution quiz

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